In this paper we examine the variables that explain the cross-section of UK stock returns. Previous studies have found that the CAPM beta has moderate or even insignificant explanatory power once the Fama French factors are included. However, we control for different realised risk premia in up...

Risk-neutral (RN) and real-world (RW) densities are derived from option prices and risk assumptions, and are compared with historical densities obtained from time series. Two parametric methods that adjust from RN to RW densities are developed, firstly a CRRA risk aversion transformation and...