It is well known that heterogeneity between studies in a meta-analysis can be either caused by diversity, for example, variations in populations and interventions, or caused by bias, that is, variations in design quality and conduct of the studies. Heterogeneity that is due to bias is difficult...

A statistical procedure is developed to analyze recidivism in samples which are subject to the presence of desisters and to multiple modes of reconviction. This allows for a more accurate study of individuals' transition and hazard in the type and timing of offenses following a specific type of...