We discuss four different concepts of feminization of poverty and analyze household survey data to verify if there is an undergoing feminization of poverty in eight Latin American countries, according to each of these concepts. We also verify if our results are sensible to changes in values of...

The main concern of this paper is investigated if the Latin American exports is explain for monopolist competition with increasing returns or oligopoly competition with reciprocal dumping. For this propose we used gravitational equation for Latin-American exports for differentiated and...

This paper proposes a broad concept of institutions and examines some theoretically relevant aspects of this and alternative concepts. The proposed concept is broad in two aspects: it includes a mental dimension not reduced to expectations, allowing institutional patterns of thought to include...

This paper aims to assess the contribution of structural changes in the Brazilian industry to productivity growth, during the 1970-2001 period. Using data from the Industrial Census of 1970, 1980 and 1985 and from the Industrial Annual Survey of 1996 and 2001, the paper concludes that: (i)...