This paper proposes an alternate formulation for the combined distribution and assignment (CDA) problem, which seeks to determine consistent level-of-service and flow values of the trip distribution and traffic assignment steps. The CDA problem is modeled as a hierarchical travel choice problem...

Paradox in the transportation literature is about improving an existing link or adding a new link can actually increase network-wide travel costs or travel costs of each traveler. In this paper, we investigate the stochastic assignment paradox using the multinomial weibit (MNW) model, a new...