The paper results from interviewing among economists in Central and Eastern Europe. It shows an inside view of the profession under communism. Results depend upon period and country. Poland and Hungary did not lose contact with the West, while Russia and the GDR and also Czechoslovakia after...

This article argues that efficiency gains sought by perestroika reform of the Soviet economy can only be realized in a full-fledged market economy. A system of indirect planning is seen as a transitory stage on the way to the optimal regime. In order to realize X-efficiency, indirect planning...

Written by leading east European scholars, this book provides a wide-ranging overview of fifty years of economic thinking under communist rule in Europe and during the first phase of post-communist economic transformation