The authors explore the relationship between economic growth and environmental quality by analyzing patterns of environmental transformation for countries at different income levels. They look at how eight indicators of environmental quality evolve in response to economic growth and policies...

The economic literature on investment has been characterized by considerable controversy, even by the standards of economists. A number of different, often overlapping, models of investment determination have been hypothesized and the empirical evidence has done little to clarify which, if any,...

The authors review the evidence on the state of infrastructure in the developing world, emphasizing the investment needs and the emerging policy issues. While their assessment is seriously constrained by data gaps, they provide useful insights on the main challenges ahead, emphasizing that, in...

There is a conventional perception that high real interest rates are bad for economic growth. However, the authors show that close examination of the experience over the last 40 years undermines the existence of such a relationship. For much of the 1950-79 period, expost real interest rates were...

Devaluation affects investment because of its effect on the real supply price of capital goods; the real price of imported inputs, w???????????????hich together with capital goods are used to produce output; the real product wage and thereby profitability and investment; real income, which...

This paper presents a theoretical framework to analyze the issue of exchange rate reform in the presence of parallel markets. In Ghana, which has carried out one of the most thorough structural adjustment programs in Africa, an increasingly high inflation rate has been attributed to major...

The valuation of enterprises has been a major stumbling block to privatization in transitional economies. Data on the performance of state-owned enterprises under central planning is plentiful, but that information is not worth much in a market economy, especially one in which much progress has...