The analysis in this paper shows that, during the 1990s, the use of tariffs, quotas and export price policy by the State Bank of Vietnam was more effective than devaluation in controlling imports in both the short term and long term, but encouraged Vietnamese exports only in the short term....

It is logical to argue that growth led by low-carbon goods and services (LCGS) is an imperative for the countries of Asia and the Pacific, and particularly for emerging Asian economies, which are heavily dependent on imported energy and resources. Acknowledging this fact, individual governments...