This note has addressed the empirical issue of crowding out by examining the proportion of GDP devoted to private investment in new physical capital in part as a function of the proportion of GDP devoted to federal government outlays. Three alternative models were estimated, all of which...

Using quarterly data and dealing with the ex post real rates on three month U.S. Treasury bills and 20 year U.S. Treasury bonds, this empirical note has estimated an IS-LM based regression by 2SLS. The results indicate that the budget deficit raises the slope of the yield curve. Furthermore, to...

This study examines the existence of crowding-out in the United States by determining to what degree the proportion of GNP devoted to private investment in new capital was affected by the proportion of GNP devoted to aggregate federal government spending. The evidence here strongly supports the...

This study investigates the hypothesis that higher federal budget deficits act to increase the degree of federal personal income tax evasion in the U.S. Using annual data on aggregate personal income tax evasion for the period 1961-1997, 1997 being the most recent year for which all of the...

This paper seeks to empirically analyze the determinants of the business failure rate, i.e., the proportion of businesses that fail. This issue is of obvious importance due to its ramifications for resource allocation, especially that of financial capital, physical capital, and labor. This...

This paper develops a formal theoretical model within which it investigates mathematically the policy implications of adverse business expectations involving deficit financing. It is found that hostility towards deficit financing will always diminish the effectiveness of fiscal policy and render...