Extending Teece's landmark 1986 article, we consider how innovators benefit from value appropriation and creation. We elaborate on value appropriation, first by pointing out the importance of “industry architectures”, i.e. sector-wide templates that circumscribe the division of labor; and...

The concept of “vertical architecture” defines the scope of a firm and the extent to which it is open to final and intermediate markets. A firm can make or buy inputs, and transfer outputs downstream or sell them. Permeable vertical architectures are partly integrated and partly open to the...

By illuminating the philosophical roots of the various notions of knowledge employed by economists, this Handbook helps to disentangle conceptual and typological issues surrounding the debate on knowledge amongst economists. Wide-ranging in scope, it explores fundamental aspects of the...

The purpose of this paper is to meet the challenge of modeling knowledge organization by introducing a new, unifying, way of thinking about the organization of knowledge. Building on ideas set forth in the behavioral theory of the firm we present a modeling framework in which the central idea is...