Both theoretical and empirical studies of professional service employee standardization preferences are relatively scarce. Using responses from 398 employees of an international public relations firm, this study finds that employees from high power distance, high uncertainty avoidance and...

This paper critiques an earlier contribution by Rugman and Verbeke (2004); and it does so by considering the global distribution of foreign direct investment (FDI). It also adds several new dimensions to the regionalisation/globalisation debate, noticeably by (i) the incorporation of inward...

This article develops a model which examines the impact of ten generic differences between equity international joint ventures (EIJVs), international acquisitions (IAs) and international greenfield investments (IGIs) in the pre- and post-incorporation phases of these entities. These differences...

Within this paper, we examine the IB field and develop a generic cognitive map in order to better understand the field from an academic research point of view. In doing so, we first categorize the IB literature into research streams. We then examine difficulties encountered when unifying these...

This paper examines activities performed by parent companies of IJVs and acquiring companies of IAs associated with the pre-incorporation and post-incorporation phases of both IJVs and IAs. The examination is based on the assumption that because these two organizational forms have different...

Using a sample of 153 equity international joint ventures (IJVs) located in China, this paper examines when autonomy is correlated with IJV effectiveness. Correlations are strongest with respect to autonomy to implement (without power to formulate) strategic business plans. The ability to both...

Rapid economic development is provoking a skilled talent shortage in Latin America, causing firms to compete intensely for scarce talent (Manpower Group, 2011). While foreign-headquartered firms may bear a “liability of foreignness” (Zaheer, 1995), the question remains whether this alleged...

Based upon existing literature and research findings, the relationships between functional and dysfunctional parent company dissimilarity and equity international joint venture (EIJV) effectiveness are examined. Managers of potential EIJVs face a dilemma. While they want to work with partners...

As emerging markets develop, foreign firms are being viewed less and less as providers of capital and/or technology, and more as integral parts of society in general, with much greater responsibilities that stem largely from their multinational roles. Recognizing these pressures and the...

Although the differences between developed and developing countries have been extensively studied in the context of globalization strategies, few studies have so far been conducted on the relationship between country development status and the possession by countries of a favorable (or...