This paper empirically analyses whether full ownership separation strengthens rail in comparison with other transport modes – a major goal of European and national transport policies. Data from nine European countries in the period 1994-2009 are evaluated, with the end result that the positive...

This note on the paper of Mulligan and Fik (Annals of Regional Science 23: 187-201) is based on the need for consistent models. If we look at the spatial oligopoly approach of Mulligan and Fik from this point of view, we can draw two conclusions: First, their model does not indicate any reasons...