This article considers the evolution of mutual life insurance companies in Britain. It investigates how they obtained their financing in the absence of share capital: the need to provide security for policyholders was typically met by guarantees that directors gave or by borrowing. Mutuals were,...

Supplier selection is one of the most critical activities of purchasing management in a supply chain, because of the key role of supplier's performance on cost, quality, delivery and service in achieving the objectives of a supply chain. Supplier selection is a multiple-criteria decision-making...

We consider probabilistic approaches and stress tests as methods for regulators to set the minimum solvency margin for insurers. Each method has advantages and disadvantages. We assess the implications of the global financial crisis for each method, concentrating on life insurers. We have...