Traffic assignment is a set of criteria through which the demand for mobility is distributed over the links of a transport network. Over the last 30 years, Dynamic Traffic Assignment (DTA) models have been developed to support time-dependent analyses in nascent fields that need to take into...

The classical road-tolling problem is to toll network links such that under the principles of Wardropian User Equilibrium Assignment a System Optimising (SO) flow pattern is obtained. Stochastic assignment methods are accepted to be more realistic than deterministic and it is of interest to...

This paper formulates a Stochastic Social Optimum (SSO) that relates to the Stochastic User Equilibrium (SUE) in the same way as the Social Optimum (SO) relates to the User Equilibrium (UE) in a deterministic environment. At the SSO solution, the total of the users' perceived costs is minimised....

Given the resources being spent on corporate identity development, it is disappointing that the mainstream marketing texts and journals afford it little space. Development of an understanding of corporate identity and image is sought. Corporate identity is projected by organisations and services...