The electric power industry has become increasingly interested in the value customers place upon service reliability, with the demand for reliability couched in terms of outage or shortage costs. The survey-based method of eliciting these costs dominates the literature. This paper explores and...

Hick's theorem permits aggregation of commodities when their relative prices are fixed, but, contrary to a widely expressed view, it does not require that they be aggregated. Even where commodities have identical prices, all of their income elasticities and many of their price elasticities can...

Time-of-use (TOU) pricing has emerged in recent years as a popular rate program, offering utilities both a more efficient pricing mechanism and a tool for load management. Initial experiments with TOUpricing were generally designed to provide evidence on customer response to mandatory TOU rates,...