Full weighted least squares (full WLS) and robust weighted least squares (robustWLS) are currently the two primary estimation methods designed for structural equationmodeling with ordinal observed variables. These methods assume that continuous latentvariables were coarsely categorized by the...

The Outcome Questionnaire (OQ-45; Lambert et al., 1996) has been widely employed as a psychotherapy outcome monitoring measure following research findings that support various aspects of its validity and sensitivity to change. Despite its broad usage in both clinical and research settings, some of...

Recently, researchers have reformulated Item Response Theory (IRT) models into multilevel models to evaluate clustered data appropriately. Using a multilevel model to obtain item difficulty and person ability parameter estimates that correspond directly with IRT models’ parameters is often...

The current study evaluated a multiple-membership growth curve model that can be used to model growth in student achievement, in the presence of student mobility. The purpose of the study was to investigate the impact of ignoring multiple school membership when modeling student achievement...

This simulation study compared the performance of two multilevel measurement testlet (MMMT) models: Beretvas and Walker’s (2008) two-level MMMT model and Jiao, Wang, and Kamata’s (2005) three-level model. Several conditions were manipulated (including testlet length, sample size, and the...