This paper identifies the core strategies pursued as firms make choices about sourcing and shoring of HR services. It draws attention to a range of variables that need to be measured to assess the effectiveness of these sourcing and shoring strategies. It presents a review of the business...

Much of the debate around convergence-divergence is based around comparative analysis of HR systems. However, we need now to combine these insights with work in the field of IHRM on firm-level motivations to optimise, standardise and export HR models abroad. A series of the changes are being...