This paper examines the price transmission mechanisms between domestic ethanol and imported ethanol in the US market using a multivariate Johansen approach. The data and model support one cointegrating relationship between the prices of domestically produced ethanol, imported ethanol, and other...

Gas exports to the Continent are regulated by long term take-or-pay contracts. The contracts are described and analyzed. We thereafter examine whether the most central European gas market, the German market, is integrated. Are there substantial price differences between gas from different export...