The total return to higher education is the rate of return based on earnings plus non-monetary private and social benefits beyond earnings that captures higher education's contribution to development.A theory of endogenous development offers a new scholarly contribution where firm and household...

This paper estimates the net education effects on economic growth as well as non-market delayed effects on health, poverty, political stability, and other key measures of economic development in Africa. It seeks to do this more comprehensively than this has been done before, as well as to...