Given the rapid advancement of computer technology, the importance of administeringadaptive tests with polytomous items is in great need. With regard to the applicability ofadaptive testing using polytomous IRT models, adaptive testing can use polytomous items of either rating scales, or in some...

For analyzing item response data, item response theory (IRT) models treat the discrete responses to the items as driven by underlying continuous latent traits, and consider the form of conditional probability of the response to each item given the latent traits. In a similar fashion, log-linear...

It has long been part of the Item Response Theory (IRT) folklore that under the usual empirical Bayes unidimensional IRT modeling approach, the posterior distribution of examinee ability given test response is approximately normal for a long test. Under very general non-parametric assumptions,...

Educational measurement assigns numbers to individuals based on observed data to represent individuals’ educational properties such as abilities, aptitudes, achievements, progress, and performance. The current review introduces a selection of statistical applications to educational...

With the advent of web-based technology, online testing is becoming a mainstream mode in large-scale educational assessments. Most online tests are administered continuously in a testing window, which may post test security problems because examinees who take the test earlier may share...