Individuals who are not promoted or miss out on developmental opportunities suffer career setbacks that can greatly, and adversely, effect motivation and productivity. Attribution theory examines the causal inferences that subordinates themselves hold as to why they failed to receive promotion...

This study examines the administrative role played by the state of North Carolina in the provision of welfare. A survey of county professionals was conducted in April 2000 assessing perceptions of how well the state was performing its administrative functions. Fifty-three survey items composed...