Financial integration in some segments of the financial markets started to deteriorate during the recent period of economic turmoil in Europe. This paper examines whether this phenomenon also holds true for the European retail payments market. In comparison with other segments of the financial...

Declining ATM numbers pose a challenge for competition policy and financial regulatory authorities. In this report we review the Finnish experience of regulating the competition in the ATM industry. To analyze the Finnish developments we extend the model of Kopsakangas-Savolainen and Takalo...

The first part of the study compares the institutional settings of employee representation and collective bargaining in France and Germany. One important difference is that in France, many aspects of collective agreements are defined by labour law, whereas in Germany, collective bargaining...

This study presents a comparative analysis of regulatory thresholds applicable to firms in France and in Germany. A central question tackled by the report is whether regulations related to limits on firms’ employment appear to prevent French firms from growing above these thresholds. The first...

The COVID-19 pandemic has claimed more than 1.5 million lives globally, and resulted in the worst global recession since the Second World War. This policy report provides an overview of the number of cases, death toll, and economic disruption that COVID-19 has caused, as well as of the measures...

SOEP has several questions that could be used to explain attitudes to income redistribution, but no measures of these attitudes. We propose including such questions. Together with existing SOEP questions, this would enable researchers to estimate the relative importance of self-interest, risk...

We conducted two waves of quantitative online surveys and qualitative interviews of Ukrainian refugees in Germany. We asked whether they plan to stay in Germany and whether they are already employed or plan to search for employment, as well as the factors that determine these. We report the...

This report analyzes self-selection and motivations of emigrants from Denmark, one of the richest and most redistributive welfare states in the world. Authors Ilpo Kauppinen (EconPol Europe, VATT Institute for Economic Research), Till Nikolka (EconPol Europe, ifo Institute, LMU Munich) and Panu...