Using data on unfair dismissals from the 1992 Survey of Industrial Tribunal Applications, the authors investigate appellant success at British industrial tribunal hearings. They find evidence that, as in North American grievance arbitration, predominantly male tribunal panels were more likely to...

Many studies have found that unionized workers express less job satisfaction than nonunion workers. The "exit-voice" explanation of this phenomenon is that dissatisfied nonunion workers tend to quit, whereas dissatisfied union workers tend to remain in their jobs and express their complaints...