Illicit work, social security fraud, economic crime, and other shadow economy activities are fast becoming an international problem. This second edition uses new data to reassess currency demand and the model approach to estimate the size of the shadow economy in seventy-six developing,...

Illicit work, social security fraud, illegal employment and economic crime have always existed, but they are now on the increase. Most governments try to reduce the shadow economy through punitive measures or through education. This book suggests a reform of state institutions, to improve the...