In this paper, effect of heat treatment on the microstructures and wear properties of laser alloying (LA) composites is investigated. LA of the T-Co50/FeSi/TiC/TiN/CeO2 mixed powders on substrate of 45 steel can form the hard composites, which increased the wear resistance of substrate greatly....

This paper concerns the asymmetric atomic selfish routing game for load balancing in ring networks. In the selfish routing, each player selects a path in the ring network to route one unit traffic between its source and destination nodes, aiming at a minimum maximum link load along its own path....

We propose and study a new model for the spanning tree problem with interval data, the Minimum Risk Spanning Tree (MRST) problem, that finds diverse applications in network design. Given an underlying network G=(V,E), each link e[set membership, variant]E can be established by paying a cost ,...