"The Chinese economy is now easily one of the most important and closely scrutinized economies in the world. Relatively minuscule changes in predictions of how the Chinese economy will perform can drive up or down stocks and the price of oil and other commodities. At the heart of how the Chinese...

Banks' shadow, or money creation by banks beyond traditional loans, plays an important role in China's money-creation process, posing a number of challenges to monetary policy operations and financial risk management. This paper analyzes the money-creation mechanisms of China's shadow banking...

In recent years, the economic and financial linkages of major economies have become intertwined, and the cross-market contagion effect of the global financial crisis has become more apparent. This paper mainly studies the expectation transmission and policy synchronisation in international...

In recent years, the economic and financial linkages of major economies have become intertwined, and the cross-market contagion effect of the global financial crisis has become more apparent. This paper mainly studies the expectation transmission and policy synchronization in international...

There have been heated debates on the negative interest rate policy (NIRP) since it was first introduced in major economies. Critics argue that deposit interest rates cannot break through the zero lower bound (ZLB) and that banks' interest margins can be heavily squeezed under the NIRP. The...