This article proposes a middle range theory of corporate social responsibility (CSR) as a classification scheme of the current CSR debate in theory and practice. There are four features of CSR types-Ideology, Legitimacy, Language, Leadership-while not exhaustive, provide a descriptive framework...

In contrast to prevalent models of CSR that are content based, we propose a process model of organizational sense-making that explains how managers think, discuss and act with respect to their key stakeholders and the world at large. A set of cognitive, linguistic, and conative dimensions are...