We present the first empirical study to reveal the presence of implicit discrimination in a non-experimental setting. By using a large dataset of in-match data in the English Premier League, we show that white referees award significantly more yellow cards against non-white players of...

Biological competition is widely believed to result in the evolution of selfish preferences. The related concept of the "homo economicus" is at the core of mainstream economics. However, there is also experimental and empirical evidence for other-regarding preferences. Here we present a theory...

The association between quality assessment and status attainment is fundamental in the sociology of markets. However, past literature failed to explain status dynamics such as mobility in the status order where highly uncertain goods make quality hard to measure. This paper contributes to the...