As a consequence of continuing growth of container volume and the introduction of 12 000 TEU plus containerships into major trade routes, the port industry is under pressure to come up with the necessary capacity to accommodate the increasing freight volume. One critical issue is the marine...

The People's Republic of China has a dual local currency system. The common currency for the Chinese is the >i>renminbi>/i> (RMB). Foreigners are expected to use the Foreign Exchange Certificate (FEC). The FECs were introduced on April 1, 1980.

Since 1949, the People's Republic of China has been on a roller coaster of economic policies. The economic failure of the Mao era encouraged a new attempt, identified as "economic reforms," to divorce the system from its economic policies.