This paper examines the critical intangible factors observed in the multi-location process to China by Spanish manufacturing firms. The goal of this paper is to shed light on the most significant aspects of the multi-location process which can minimise the internationalisation complexity (IC)...

We analyze a novel way to configure and manage multinational networks and propose a model of "co-parenting", characterized by the sharing of parenting roles and distribution of responsibilities between two units. We develop our argument around the notion of the springboard subsidiary, which has...