Knapp zwei Jahre lang wurde im Auftrag des Bundesministeriums für Arbeitund Soziales die Wirksamkeit der Instrumente analysiert, die die KommissionModerne Dienstleistungen am Arbeitsmarkt im Jahre 2002 vorgeschlagenhatte, und die nachfolgend als „Hartz-Reformen“ umgesetzt worden...

Trotz zahlreicher Förderprogramme stehen viele, die den Sprung in die Selbständigkeit wagen wollen, vor schier unüberwindbaren Hindernissen. Besondershoch sind sie für Arbeitslose, denen oft die finanzielle Basis für eine Existenzgründung fehlt. In den USA werden diese und andere Barrieren...

Fostering and supporting start-up businesses by unemployed persons has become an increasingly important issue in many European countries. These new ventures are being supported by various governmental programs. Potential benefits include not only the end of unemployment for the new entrepreneur...

Support schemes for unemployed persons aiming to become self-employed have been recently reformed several times. In 2003, the "start-up-subsidy" (Existenzgründungszuschuss) was added to the existing "bridging-allowance" (Überbrückungsgeld) and the two programs to-gether led to a strong...

When unemployed persons go into business, they often are characterized as necessity entrepreneurs, because push factors, namely their unemployment, likely prompted their decision. In contrast to this, business founders who have been previously employed represent opportunity entrepreneurs because...

Support schemes for unemployed aiming for self-employment have been recently reformed several times. In 2003, the "start-up subsidyʺ was added to the existing "bridging allowanceʺ. In 2006 both instruments were merged to the "Gründungszuschussʺ. Since the bridging allowance has been...

When unemployed persons go into business, they often are characterized as necessity entrepreneurs, because push factors, namely their unemployment, likely prompted their decision. In contrast to this, business founders who have been previously employed represent opportunity entrepreneurs because...