Equity crowdfunding allows small‐to‐medium enterprises to raise funds from investors (usually contributing small amounts of money) through an internet platform operated by a third-party intermediary. A key advantage of the process is that it provides access to equity for companies that would...

This working paper presents the results of a detailed comparative empirical study of sanctions imposed for insider trading in Australia, Canada (Ontario), Hong Kong, Singapore, New Zealand, the United Kingdom, and the United States. Insider trading is considered to be a serious form of...

Through employee share schemes, employees have the opportunity to take up equity in the company for which they work. There are two distinct types of employee share schemes: ‘broad-based' schemes that are open to the majority of employees within a company, and ‘narrow-based' schemes that are...