Environmental policies frequently target the ratio of dirty to green output within the same industry. To achieve such targets the green sector may be subsidised or the dirty sector be taxed. This paper shows that in a monopolistic competition setting the two policy instruments have different...

The relationship between per capita income and a number of pollution indicators has been found to display an inverted U-shaped or downward-sloping pattern. Corruption may affect this relationship in two distinct ways: by raising pollution at given income levels (direct effect) and by reducing...

We study how the distribution of income among members of society, and income inequality in particular, affects social willingness to pay (WTP) for environmental public goods. We find that social WTP for environmental goods increases with mean income, and decreases (increases) with income...

This paper surveys the literature on the relationship between international trade in goods and the factors and the environment. Traditional approaches based on the Heckscher-Ohlin trade model and more recent models looking at non-competetive market structures are discussed. Moreover, the paper...

Firms may underinvest in local environmental protection even from the private viewpoint of its owners and employees, but works councils may help mitigate this problem. We show that increases in environmental investments when councils are present could be employee-led, firm-led, or jointly-led....

Currently, the region named Brazilian Legal Amazon (BLA) represents the agricultural frontier of Brazil, and it concentrates the deforestation processes, so-called arc of deforestation. This region covers the total area of Acre, Amapá, Amazonas, Pará, Rondônia, Roraima, and Tocantins, and...