Die in den Jahren 2007 und 2008 ergangenen EuGH-Urteile in den Fällen Viking, Laval, Rüffert und Kommission gegen Luxemburg haben Irritationen in Politik und Verbänden hervorgerufen und eine kontroverse Diskussion zum Stand der europäischen Wirtschaftsintegration und zum Stellenwert der...

Market integration is a canonical topic in international finance. The question of whether and to what extent markets are integrated with the global economy has motivated one of the largest literature in this field. Given the vast literature, this survey focuses only on equity market integration...

This research is conducted to determine the factors that influence perception and choices of SMEs in the rural area, such as Sidoarjo, in choosing their financing resources, whether it comes from conventional MFIs or Islamic MFIs (IMFIs). We conduct in-depth interview and questionnaires to...

This paper sets out to disprove the German philosopher Hegel's dictum about people learning nothing from history, by looking at the lessons to be learned for the African Continental Free Trade Area (AfCFTA) from the European Union's experience of regional integration. Since its foundation in...

This paper investigates the sources and size of trade barriers at the industry level. We derive a micro-founded measure of industry-specific bilateral trade integration that has an in-built control for time-varying multilateral resistance. This trade integration measure is consistent with a...