The management of R&D activities has become popular among researchers. The need for changes in R&D organization and financial support brings new decision-making issues for the R&D manager. Life cycle concepts help to manage R&D in the whole perspective. The aim of this paper was to examine the...

Modern building practices show little regard for energy efficiency, environmental or social impact of the built environment over their entire life cycle. Resources such as ground cover, forests, water and energy are depleted to give way to buildings. On an average, worldwide building...