provides insight into the industrialization progresses of the quartet of USA, China, Germany and Japan, all attaining … individual industrialization success by distinct trade, fiscal and industrial policy path, the underlying principles of which can …

): Bulgaria, the Czech Republic, Lithuania, Hungary, Poland, Romania, the Slovak Republic and Slovenia. We outline the nature of … manufacturing in the region, describe three distinct time periods of industrialization since 1990, and explain the nature of I4 … competencies, we find that the Czech Republic, Lithuania, Hungary and Slovenia are most I4.0-ready, and that Bulgaria, Slovakia …

first part, we describe crucial dimensions of industrialization in the region - its extent, its historical trajectory, and …

-protected import substitution industrialization strategy of 1960-83 to an outward liberalized strategy during 1984-2000, and since 2001 …