The fall of the Berlin Wall in November 1989 resulted in a severe economic downturn and a stark temporary decline in fertility in East Germany. But did it also affect the fertility of future generations? In this paper, I investigate early motherhood - a marker of lifetime disadvantage - of those...

This paper provides a theoretical framework and some empirical information on the shift from industrialization to de-industrialization which typically occurs in the course of economic growth. It is suggested that such a non-monotonic structural change is caused by a diminishing productivity bias...