. Dealing with spam incurs high costs for organizations, prompting efforts to try to reduce spam-related costs by installing … data setting implemented at a German university to measure the costs associated with spam and the costs savings of spam ….g., SAP) implemented in organizations. Our findings indicate that central IT costs are of little relevance since the majority …

to 58%, measured either in terms of reductions in data collection costs or in terms of improvements in the precision of …

equivalent of the costs of the extra time stress is very large. While the departure of a child from the home reduces parents …

are not well known. This paper establishes five new facts about college costs using novel department-level data. First …, costs vary widely across field, ranging from electrical engineering (109 percent higher costs than English) to math (22 … percent lower). Costs are generally higher in fields where graduates earn more and in pre-professional programs. Second, this …

costs and quality, for services without severe contracting problems. The picture is more mixed for services with tougher …

seminal study, Lazear (1990) found that contract avoidance of severance pay firing costs was theoretically simple – a bonding …, formal measures of severance-induced firing costs and hiring costs are derived. Firing costs are, it turns out …, systematically less than benefit generosity alone would imply. Moreover their interrelationship with hiring costs, often employed in …

This article uses data from the 1998-1999 French INSEE time use survey to estimate the time costs of children. The … home production and labor supply. Time costs are computed in terms of hours of foregone leisure. The model accounts for …