parties, allowing automation of service management and replacing many manual activities. Automation provides two-way real …

supply on automation innovation by exploiting an immigrant placement policy in Germany during the 1990s and 2000s. Difference …-in-differences estimates indicate that one additional worker per 1,000 manual and unskilled workers reduces automation innovation by 0 …

supply on automation innovation by exploiting an immigrant placement policy in Germany during the 1990s and 2000s. Difference …-in-differences estimates indicate that one additional worker per 1,000 manual and unskilled workers reduces automation innovation by 0 …

polarization resulted from increased automation, and provide a theoretical explanation. In our model, firms deciding whether to … fall. In addition to explaining job polarization, our model makes sense of observed patterns of automation and accounts for …