This study reviews the literature on Multilatinas, Latin American multinationals, and provide suggestions for using these firms as a laboratory for extending existing theories and models of the multinational. Analyses of their behavior tend to discuss their upgrading of capabilities and their...

We review the literature analyzing the impact of pro-market institutions on firms' global strategy. We propose that the ideological tension between whether the government or the market should drive economic development results in a pendulum of pro-market reforms and reversals that drive changes...

We analyze the non-market advantages of developing-country multinational companies (DMNCs) over advanced-economy multinational companies (AMNCs) when both compete in the same host country. Non-market advantages are advantages based on resources developed by the firm to operate in a country's...

We review the relationships between institutions and global strategy and explain several clarifications for future research. First, studies need to clarify the standard used to assess quality in institutional dimensions they research rather than let readers assess them from the measures. Second,...

We analyze learning-by-doing and how emerging market multinationals use it to upgrade their capabilities. Building on an in-depth case study, we present two novel arguments. First, we clarify the concept of learning-by-doing by identifying four distinct processes in which learning-by-doing...

We analyze how a firm's country of origin affects its investments in a host country. Viewing the country of origin as a resource, we explain the advantage (disadvantage) of foreignness, i.e., the relative benefit (liability) a subsidiary of a foreign firm enjoys over domestic firms when its...

I study the relationship between pro-market reforms and the expansion of emerging market multinational companies (EMNCs). Extending institutional economics, I propose a co-evolutionary process, whereby pro-market reforms in emerging markets induce the transformation of domestic firms into EMNCs,...

Emerging market multinationals are becoming leaders in their industries, able to compete on equal terms with firms from advanced economies, but their paths toward global leadership are not always smooth. This book examines the specific challenges faced by emerging market multinationals as they...