address future pension spending pressures in the advanced and emerging economies. These reforms-mainly increasing retirement …

productivity growth. While these reforms are needed, private pensions can also play a role inimproving retirement income for … savings for retirement. This note also addresses the challenges of the private, funded system and proposes policy … recommendations for increasing coverage, improving efficiency, and delivering sustainable retirement income in the payout phase. This …

various tax rates lead to lower budget deficits in the long run, as a result of an expanding tax base and lower unemployment …

increasing the mandatory retirement age is discussed. We also calculate rates of return on the participation in the Belgian …

relatively minor intervention can dramatically increase the fragility of jobs, the length of unemployment spells, as well as the … extent of unemployment and labor market churning. With institutions of the type studied here common across many different …

The methodology used in this paper has three distinguishing features: the natural rate of unemployment and potential …