paper we measure this effect in Catalonia, where two languages, Catalan and Spanish, coexist. Using census data for 1991 and …

This article studies the responses of real wages and labour market flows of immigrants in Spain for the period between … for immigrants and natives over the long Spanish economic expansion and the sharp contraction. During the expansion, 1999-2007 …

immigrant. This paper tests that hypothesis drawing on evidence for the EU and on two natural experiments for Spain and Italy …