may combine positive effects of computer uses without equivalently effective alternative traditional teaching practices … exploit within-student between-subject variation in different computer uses in the international TIMSS test. We find positive …

random provision of computers. The experiment does not provide evidence that computer skills have short- or medium …

minority children - lack access to a computer at home. Does this impede educational achievement? We test this hypothesis by … computer ownership and use, we find no effects on any educational outcomes, including grades, standardized test scores, credits …