1. Some difficulties in the existing theory of externalities -- 2. Coase and all that -- 3. More on why government? -- 4. The poor -- 5. The legacy of Bismarck -- 6. Some biological problems -- 7. The rich -- 8. The survey of the existing system -- 9. Rent seeking -- 10. War -- 11. Monarchies...

There have been governments which are between democracy and despotism. The article starts with a discussion of governments where voting is used, but not everyone can vote. This runs from the United States before 1960 to Venice. Undemocratic governments are sometimes simple despotisms, but in...