In many ways, the European welfare state constituted a response to the new forms of social fracture and economic turbulence that were born out of industrialization-challenges that were particularly acute for groups whose integration into society seemed the most tenuous. Covering a range of...

Global threats to democracy – one of the world’s most important forms of inclusive governance – have been rising recently. This paper assesses the effects of social and economic inequalities on autocratisation, meaning a decline in the democratic qualities of a political regime. The key...

"Ever since Lyndon Johnson launched his "War on Poverty," each presidential administration has engaged in a unique effort to help impoverished Americans. Though every president inherited the remnants of his predecessors' policies, each sought to make his own mark and secure his own place in...