We estimate the marginal treatment effect of childcare use on mothers' labor market outcomes by exploiting a staggered … childcare expansion across regions in Japan. The estimates show that the treatment effect is negatively associated with … propensity to use childcare, which implies that mothers who increase their labor supply more are less likely to use childcare …

We estimate the effects of childcare enrollment on child outcomes by exploiting a staggered childcare expansion across … regions in Japan. We find that childcare improves language development among boys and reduces aggression and the symptoms of … an important element of an effective childcare program. Our estimates for marginal treatment effects indicate that …

We estimate the marginal treatment effect of childcare use on mothers' labor market outcomes by using a staggered … expansion of childcare services across regions in Japan. The estimates show that the heterogeneous treatment effects are … negatively associated with the propensity to use childcare, which implies that mothers who increase their labor supply the least …

We estimate the effects of childcare enrollment on child outcomes by exploiting a staggered childcare expansion across … regions in Japan. We find that childcare improves language development and reduces the symptoms of inattention, hyperactivity … parental outcomes. Estimates indicate that childcare use improves parenting quality and subjective well-being and reduces …

We estimate the causal effects of childcare availability on the maternal employment rate using prefecture panel data … fixed effects, without which the estimates can be severely biased upward. Contrary to popular belief, childcare availability … because households shift from using informal childcare provided by grandparents to the accredited childcare service, as more …