ethnic conflict we should understand the difference between nationality and ethnicity. One of the bloody and violent so …In modern world ethnic conflict has become one of the biggest problems of the contemporary life. In order to understand …

ethnic fractionalization, not immigration itself, has a negative impact on spending in the OECD. On the whole, immigrants …

fractionalization is low. In strongly fractionalized countries a transition from autocracy to democracy does not significantly reduce … under democracy is undermined by the common pool problem; fractionalization increases the severity of the common pool …

decreased, while upper-tail inequality has increased, but at a slower rate. A larger supply of skills and polarization of labor …

This paper proposes a simple algorithm based on a matrix formulation to compute the Esteban and Ray (ER) polarization … index. It then shows how the algorithm introduced leads to quite a simple decomposition of polarization by income sources … well as the magnitude, of the impact of the various income sources on the ER polarization index. A simple empirical …

Germany. There is evidence for wage polarization in the U.S. in the 1990s, and the increase in wage inequality in Germany was … effects in the U.S. Employment trends in both countries are consistent with polarization since the 1990s. The evidence is … consistent with a technology-driven polarization of the labor market, but this cannot explain the country specific differences. …

data show that European club football is characterized by significant financial recovery and further polarization. How has … to financial recovery but has not aggravated polarization. Understanding the drivers of polarization is essential before …

of the median. In the US, however, there has been a stronger increase in income polarization than in Germany: in the US …

percent of the median. In the US, however, there has been a stronger increase in income polarization than in Germany. This is …