Belke, Ansgar; Wang, Lars - In: Journal of Economics and Statistics (Jahrbuecher fuer … 226 (2006) 2, pp. 115-138
This study develops innovative measures of openness towards bilateral trade. The most widely applied openness indices are not able to accurately calculate the degree of trade openness. For example, the intra-regional export ratio which relates the value of exports of an integration area to the...