shown that patents and their quality as measured by citations received by future patents contribute significantly to the … forward citations patents can receive at the European Patent Office. While a patent can be cited as non-infringing state of … the art, it can also be cited because it threatens the novelty of patent applications ('blocking citations'). Empirical …

shown that patents and their quality as measured by citations received by future patents contribute significantly to the … forward citations patents can receive at the European Patent Office. While a patent can be cited as non-infringing state of … the art, it can also be cited because it threatens the novelty of patent applications ('blocking citations'). Empirical …

patent and scientist characteristics, corporate patents received more citations than university patents in the first three …

characteristics, corporate patents received more citations than university patents in the �first three years after fi�ling, but (2 …

-personal knowledge flows. Many doubts exist on whether patent citations really reflect the designated inventors’ knowledge of both their … technical fields, and of the other inventors and experts therein: citations, in fact, come mainly from the patent examiners, and …

fertility of university and public laboratories patents vis `a vis corporate patents. The distribution of the citations lags …

-to-the-firm organisations. The robustness check further shows that, when accounting for the uneven distribution of forward citations across …

classifications. It further provides a network of patent citations, thus indicating how patents build from existing knowledge and …

regularities regarding innovation and growth differences across the firm size distribution. We also incorporate patent citations … into our theoretical framework. The framework generates a simple test using patent citations that indicates that entrants …