In Barcelona, the European Union set ambitious targets for the European Research Area, calling for research expenditures equivalent to 3 % of Europe’s GDP by 2010. This paper analyses the implications of these targets, assesses the influence of the member states, and examines the role of the...

The paper presents the current state of research and innovation in France, describes the approaches to S&T policy, analyses tools for support of innovation and technological development. There are continuing problems of interaction between universities and research institutions in France that...

During the Soviet period there was no need to develop special laws on science and innovation. Exceptions were taken by separate rules governing the work of scientists. Innovations were introduced into production with support from the government. Particularly effectively - in the...

Open innovation is the process of joint market promotion of new products and services and creation of new business opportunities by the knowledge exchange between partners. In recent years this innovation practice is becoming more common. The paper describes the preconditions for its emergence...

This paper sets about identifying different and complex innovation practices across nine countries by exploring data from firm level innovation surveys conducted in nine countries: Austria, Brazil, Canada, Denmark, France, New Zealand, Norway, South Korea and the United Kingdom. Our results...

The small performers, whose costs for R&D are less than 100 thousand dollars per year, consist more than half of total organisations involved in R&D in Canada. This vast segment includes companies of all sizes (both in number of employees and amount of income), and employs seven percent of all...

Many developed economies, industries and companies have to struggle with the consequences of weak economic growth, market saturation and overproduction arising out of the time frames of economic cycles. Panacea for sluggish growth is usually seen in new technologies, innovation and economic...