more favourable loan package; that it is associated with over-investment even when investment does not create collateral …

encroacher’s valuation of the asset is increasing in the asset owner’s investment. Due to incomplete property rights, the … encroacher and asset owner engage in a contest over the control of the asset after investment has taken place. A standard result … is that the asset owner will underinvest in the asset relative to the first-best level of investment when property rights …